Kuva havumburwa plastike mu mpera z'ikinyejana cya 19 kugeza hamenyekanye Tupperware® mu myaka ya za 40 kugeza ku bishya bigezweho mu gupakira ketchup byoroshye, plastike yagize uruhare rukomeye mu gukemura ibibazo bipfunyitse, bidufasha kugabanya ibiciro byinshi.Yaba ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bishya, ibicuruzwa ukunda ubwiza, cyangwa ibyo urya saa sita, gupakira plastike bifasha kurinda ibyo waguze kugeza igihe witeguye kubikoresha, bifasha kugabanya imyanda no kuzigama ingufu.
Udushya two gupakira plastike muri 1862
Alexander Parkes yashyize ahagaragara plastike ya mbere yakozwe n'abantu mu imurikagurisha mpuzamahanga rya Alexander Parkes i Londres.Ibikoresho byitwa Paxaine biva muri selile.Yego-plastike yambere ni bio-ishingiye!Irashobora gushushanywa iyo ishyushye kandi ikagumana imiterere yayo iyo ikonje.
Udushya two gupakira plastike mu ntangiriro z'ikinyejana cya makumyabiri
Injeniyeri w’imyenda yo mu Busuwisi Dr. Jacques Edwin Brandenberger yakoze selofane, igipfunyika kibonerana ku bicuruzwa ibyo aribyo byose-bipfunyika byuzuye amazi adafite amazi.Intego yambere ya Brandenberger kwari ugukoresha firime isobanutse kandi yoroshye kumyenda kugirango irinde.
1930 Guhanga udushya twa plastike
Injeniyeri 3M Richard Drew yahimbye kaseti ya Scotch®.Nyuma yaje kwitwa kaseti ya selofane, ubwo ni inzira ishimishije kubaguzi no guteka kugirango bafunge paki.
Udushya two gupakira plastike muri 1933
Ralph Wiley, umukozi muri Laboratwari ya Dow Chemical, yavumbuye ku bw'impanuka indi plastiki: polyvinylidene chloride, yitwa SaranTM.Plastike yabanje gukoreshwa mu kurinda ibikoresho bya gisirikare hanyuma no gupakira ibiryo.Saran irashobora kubika hafi ibintu byose-ibikombe, amasahani, amajerekani, ndetse na yo ubwayo-kandi iba igikoresho cyiza cyo kubungabunga ibiryo bishya murugo.
Udushya two gupakira plastike muri 1946
Tupperware® yatunganijwe na Earl Silas Tupper wo muri Amerika, wateje imbere ubuhanga bwe ibyokurya bya polyethylene binyuze mu rusobe rw’abagore bo mu rugo bagurisha Tupperware mu rwego rwo gushaka amafaranga.Tupperware nibindi bikoresho bya pulasitike bifite kashe yumuyaga ni kimwe mubicuruzwa byingenzi mumateka yo gupakira plastike.
Udushya two gupakira plastike muri 1946
Icupa rya mbere rikomeye ryubucuruzi rya plastike spray yakozwe na Dr. Jules Montenier, washinze "Stopette".Ikibuno deodorant yatanzwe mukunyunyuza icupa rya plastiki.Nkumuterankunga wa TV izwi cyane "Niki Umurongo Wanjye", Stopette yateje igisasu mugukoresha amacupa ya plastike.
Udushya two gupakira plastike muri 1950
Umufuka wimyanda wa plastike wumukara cyangwa icyatsi (wakozwe muri polyethylene) wahimbwe nabanyakanada Harry Wasylyk na Larry Hansen.Imifuka mishya yimyanda ikoreshwa mubikorwa byubucuruzi ibanza kugurishwa mubitaro bikuru bya Winnipeg.Nyuma baje kumenyekana mugukoresha umuryango.
Udushya two gupakira plastike muri 1954
Robert Vergobbi yapanze igikapu cyo kubika zipper.Minigrip yabemereye kandi irashaka kuyikoresha nk'isakoshi.Ariko biragaragara ko imifuka ishobora gukorwa cyane, imifuka ya Ziploc® yatangijwe nkimifuka yo kubika ibiryo mumwaka wa 1968. Hatangijwe umufuka wambere numufuka wa sandwich kumuzingo.
Udushya two gupakira plastike muri 1959
Uruganda rwa Wisconsin, Geuder, Paeschke, na Frey bakoze isanduku ya mbere yemewe ya sasita ya sasita: lithograph ya Mickey Mouse ku mabati ya oval hamwe na tray yo gukuramo imbere.Plastike yakoreshwaga ku ntoki hanyuma ku gasanduku kose, guhera mu myaka ya za 1960.
Udushya two gupakira plastike muri 1960
Ba injeniyeri Alfred Fielding na Marc Chavannes bakoze BubbleWrap® muri sosiyete yabo yitwa Sealed Air Corporation.
Udushya two gupakira plastike mu 1986
Mu myaka ya za 1950 rwagati, abasangirangendo ba TV ya Swanson® bifashishije inzira ebyiri nyuma y'intambara: gukundwa kw'ibikoresho bitwara igihe ndetse no gutwarwa na TV (mu mwaka wa mbere wo gukwirakwiza igihugu, hagurishijwe miliyoni zirenga 10 za televiziyo).Mu 1986, gari ya aluminiyumu yasimbuwe na plastike na microwave.
Udushya two gupakira plastike muri 1988
Ishyirahamwe ry’inganda za Plastike ryashyizeho uburyo bwo kwandikisha resin ku bushake, butanga sisitemu ihamye yo kumenya ibisigazwa bya pulasitiki bikoreshwa mu bikoresho bipakira.
Udushya two gupakira plastike muri 1996
Kwinjiza paki ya salade (metallocene-catalysed polyolefin) ifasha kugabanya imyanda y'ibiribwa kandi byoroshye kugura umusaruro mushya.
2000 Guhanga udushya twa plastike
Imiyoboro yoroshye yogurt irahari, urashobora rero kwishimira ibiryo bikungahaye kuri calcium igihe icyo aricyo cyose, ahantu hose.
2000 Guhanga udushya twa plastike
Kwinjiza aside polylactique (PLA) ikozwe mu bigori kugeza ku isoko ryo gupakira no gutunganya plastiki ishingiye kuri bio mubipakira.
2007 Guhanga udushya twa plastike
Amacupa y’ibinyobwa bya litiro ebyiri hamwe n’ibikombe bya amata ya plastike ya litiro imwe bigeze ku ntambwe muri "yoroheje" -kuko byakoreshejwe cyane mu myaka ya za 70, uburemere bwibikoresho byombi byagabanutseho kimwe cya gatatu.
Udushya two gupakira plastike muri 2008
Amacupa ya plastike yageze ku gipimo cya 27% cyo gutunganya, naho miliyari 2,4 z'amapound ya plastiki yongeye gukoreshwa..(Kuva mu 2005, igipimo cyo gutunganya imifuka ya pulasitike ya polyethylene no gupakira cyikubye kabiri.)
2010 Guhanga udushya twa plastike
Filime Metallyte TM yatangijwe kugirango ifashe kugumya kugarura ibintu (ibishyimbo bya kawa, ibinyampeke, noode, uduce duto twumugati) mugabanya amarira mubipfunyika.Filime nshya nayo yoroshye kuruta igishushanyo mbonera.
2010 Guhanga udushya twa plastike
TM niyambere yo gupakira inyanya isosi yo gupakira mumyaka 42.Nibikoresho bibiri-bitanga uburyo bubiri bwo kwishimira isosi y'inyanya: gukuramo umupfundikizo kugirango ushire byoroshye, cyangwa ushishimure hejuru kugirango ucye ibiryo.Gupakira gushya bituma kurya biryoshe kandi byoroshye.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Gicurasi-27-2021