Ni ubuhe bwoko bushya bwa plastiki?(I)

Iterambere rya tekinoroji ya plastike rirahinduka uko bwije n'uko bukeye.Gutezimbere ibikoresho bishya kubisabwa bishya, kunoza imikorere yisoko ryibikoresho bihari, no kunoza imikorere yimikorere idasanzwe birashobora gusobanurwa nkicyerekezo cyingenzi cyiterambere ryibintu bishya no guhanga udushya.Byongeye kandi, kurengera ibidukikije no kwangirika byabaye ikintu cyaranze plastiki nshya.
Nibihe bikoresho bishya?
Bioplastique: Nippon Electric yashyizeho bioplastique nshya ishingiye ku bimera, ubushyuhe bwabyo bugereranywa n’ibyuma bitagira umwanda.Isosiyete yavanze fibre ya karubone ifite uburebure bwa milimetero nyinshi na diametero ya milimetero 0.01 hamwe nudusimba twihariye muri resin ya aside polylactique ikozwe mu bigori kugirango itange ubwoko bushya bwa bioplastique hamwe n’ubushyuhe bwinshi.Niba 10% ya fibre fibre ivanze, ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa bioplastique buragereranywa nibyuma bitagira umwanda;iyo hiyongereyeho 30% fibre ya karubone, ubushyuhe bwumuriro wa bioplastique bwikubye kabiri ibyuma bitagira umwanda, kandi ubucucike ni 1/5 cyicyuma kitagira umwanda.

Nyamara, ubushakashatsi niterambere ryibinyabuzima bigarukira gusa kumirima yibikoresho fatizo bishingiye kuri bio cyangwa bio-monomers cyangwa polymers byakozwe na fermentation ya mikorobe.Hamwe no kwaguka kw'isoko rya bio-Ethanol na bio-mazutu mu myaka yashize, bio-Ethanol na glycerol bikoreshwa nk'ibikoresho fatizo byo gukora.Tekinoroji ya bioplastique yitabiriwe cyane kandi yaracururizwaga.
Filime nshya ihindura amabara ya plastike: Kaminuza ya Southampton mu Bwongereza hamwe na Darmstadt Institute for Plastics mu Budage bafatanyije gukora firime ihindura amabara.Uhujije ingaruka za optique na artique optique, firime mubyukuri nuburyo bushya bwo gukora ibintu bihindura ibara neza.Iyi firime ihindura amabara ni firime ya plastike opal, igizwe nuburinganire bwa plastike yashyizwe mumwanya wibice bitatu, kandi ikubiyemo na nanoparticles ntoya ya karubone hagati yimiterere ya plastike, kuburyo urumuri rutaba hagati yimiterere ya plastike gusa na ibintu bikikije.Ibitekerezo biva mu turere two ku nkombe hagati yibi bice bya pulasitike, ariko kandi no hejuru yubuso bwa karubone nanoparticles yuzuza hagati yibi bice bya plastiki.Ibi byimbitse cyane ibara rya firime.Mugucunga ingano yimiterere ya plastike, birashoboka kubyara ibintu byoroheje bikwirakwiza inshuro zimwe gusa.

Amaraso mashya ya pulasitike: Abashakashatsi bo muri kaminuza ya Sheffield mu Bwongereza bakoze "amaraso ya pulasitike" yakozwe na paste yuzuye.Igihe cyose yashonga mumazi, irashobora guterwa abarwayi, ishobora gukoreshwa nkamaraso mugihe cyihutirwa.ubundi buryo.Ubu bwoko bushya bwamaraso yubukorikori bukozwe muri molekile ya plastike.Hariho amamiriyoni ya molekile ya plastike mugice cyamaraso yubukorikori.Izi molekile zirasa mubunini no mumiterere ya molekile ya hemoglobine.Barashobora kandi gutwara atome za fer, zitwara ogisijeni mumubiri nka hemoglobine.Kubera ko ibikoresho fatizo ari plastiki, amaraso yubukorikori yoroheje kandi yoroshye kuyatwara, ntagomba gukonjeshwa, afite igihe kirekire cyo gukora, afite akazi gakomeye kuruta amaraso yubukorikori nyayo, kandi ntabwo ahenze kuyakora.

Hamwe niterambere ryihuse ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga, plastiki nshya zikomeje kugaragara.Ibikoresho byokwirinda, kurwanya ubushyuhe hamwe n’umuriro wa plastiki zo mu rwego rwo hejuru zo mu rwego rwo hejuru hamwe n’ibintu bifite agaciro.Byongeye kandi, kurengera ibidukikije no kwangirika byabaye ikintu cyaranze plastiki nshya.