Ninde wahimbye plastiki?

Imifuka ya plastike nibintu bya buri munsi bishobora kugaragara ahantu hose mubuzima bwacu, none ninde wahimbye plastike?Mubyukuri ubushakashatsi bwabafotora mubyumba byijimye byatumye habaho plastiki yumwimerere.

Alexander Parks afite ibyo akunda byinshi, gufotora nimwe murimwe.Mu kinyejana cya 19, abantu ntibashoboraga kugura firime yamafoto yateguwe hamwe nimiti nkuko babikora muri iki gihe, kandi akenshi bagombaga gukora ibyo bakeneye ubwabo.Buri mufotora rero agomba no kuba chemiste.Kimwe mu bikoresho bikoreshwa mu gufotora ni “kolagen”, ni igisubizo cya “nitrocellulose”, ni ukuvuga igisubizo cya nitrocellulose muri alcool na ether.Muri kiriya gihe yakoreshwaga mu gufatisha imiti yangiza urumuri mu kirahure kugira ngo ihwanye na firime yo gufotora uyu munsi.Mu myaka ya 1850, Parike zarebye uburyo butandukanye bwo guhangana na collodion.Umunsi umwe, yagerageje kuvanga collodion na camphor.Icyamutangaje, kuvanga byaviriyemo ibintu bigoramye, bikomeye.Parike yise ibintu "Paxine," kandi niyo yari plastike yambere.Parike zakoze ibintu byose muri "Paxine": ibimamara, amakaramu, buto n'ibicapo by'imitako.Parike, ntabwo yari ifite ibitekerezo byubucuruzi kandi yatakaje amafaranga mumishinga ye bwite.

Mu kinyejana cya 20, abantu batangiye kuvumbura imikoreshereze mishya ya plastiki.Ibintu hafi ya byose murugo birashobora gukorwa hamwe na plastiki runaka.Byasigaye kubandi bahimbyi kugirango bakomeze kwiteza imbere no kunguka mubikorwa bya Parike.John Wesley Hayat, icapiro ryaturutse i New York, yabonye amahirwe mu 1868, ubwo isosiyete ikora biliard yinubira ibura ry'inzovu.Hayat yateje imbere uburyo bwo gukora kandi aha "Pakxin" izina rishya - "selileid".Yabonye isoko ryiteguye kubakora biliard, kandi ntibyatinze akora ibicuruzwa bitandukanye muri plastiki.Plastiki yo hambere yakundaga gutwikwa, igabanya ibicuruzwa bishobora gukorwa muri yo.Plastiki ya mbere yihanganiye neza ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ni "Berkelet".Leo Backlund yakiriye ipatanti mu 1909. Mu 1909, Baekeland muri Amerika yashizemo plastike ya fenolike bwa mbere.

Mu myaka ya za 1930, nylon yongeye kwinjizwa, kandi yiswe “fibre igizwe n'amakara, umwuka n'amazi, inoze kurusha silike y'igitagangurirwa, ikomeye kuruta ibyuma, kandi iruta ubudodo”.Isura yabo yashyizeho urufatiro rwo guhanga no gukora plastike zitandukanye nyuma yaho.Kubera iterambere ry’inganda zikomoka kuri peteroli mu Ntambara ya Kabiri y'Isi Yose, ibikoresho fatizo bya plastiki byasimbuye amakara na peteroli, kandi n’inganda zikora plastiki nazo zateye imbere byihuse.Plastike ni ikintu cyoroshye cyane gishobora koroshya kubishyushya ubushyuhe buke cyane, kandi birashobora gushirwa mubintu byose ushaka.Ibicuruzwa bya plastiki birasa neza, bifite uburemere, ntibitinya kugwa, ubukungu kandi biramba.Kuza kwayo ntabwo kuzana gusa ibyoroshye mubuzima bwabantu, ahubwo binateza imbere cyane inganda.