Kuberako plastiki ifite uburemere bworoshye, gukomera kworoshye, byoroshye gukora.Ibyiza byigiciro gito, kubwinganda zigezweho nibicuruzwa bya buri munsi, kurushaho gukoresha plastiki aho gukoresha ibirahure, cyane cyane mubikoresho bya optique ninganda zipakira, biratera imbere byihuse.Ariko, kubera ibisabwa kugirango habeho gukorera mu mucyo, kwihanganira kwambara cyane, no gukomera kwingaruka nziza, ibigize plastike, uburyo bwo kubumba inshinge, ibikoresho.Ibibumbano, nibindi, bigomba gukora imirimo myinshi kugirango umenye neza ko plastiki (nyuma yiswe plastike ibonerana) ikoreshwa mu gusimbuza ibirahuri, ubwiza bwubuso ni bwiza, kugirango bujuje ibisabwa kugirango ukoreshwe.
Plastike ibonerana ikunze gukoreshwa ku isoko ni polymethyl methacrylate (bakunze kwita methacrylate cyangwa ikirahuri kama, code PMMA) na polyakarubone (code PC).Polyethylene terephthalate (code PET), nylon iboneye.AS (acrylene-styrene copolymer), polysulfone (izina rya code PSF), nibindi, muribyo duhura cyane na PMMA.Bitewe n'umwanya muto wa PC na PET plastike eshatu, ibikurikira bifata plastiki eshatu nkurugero rwo kuganira kubiranga plastike ibonerana hamwe nuburyo bwo gutera inshinge.
Imikorere ya plastiki iboneye
Plastike iboneye igomba kubanza gukorera mu mucyo mwinshi, igakurikirwa nimbaraga runaka no kwambara, irashobora kurwanya ihungabana, ibice birwanya ubushyuhe nibyiza, kurwanya imiti nibyiza, kandi kwinjiza amazi ni bito.Gusa murubu buryo irashobora gukoreshwa kugirango yujuje ibisabwa mu mucyo.Impinduka ndende.PC ni amahitamo meza, ariko cyane cyane bitewe nigiciro kinini cyibikoresho fatizo byayo hamwe ningorabahizi yo guterwa inshinge, iracyakoresha PMMA nkibihitamo nyamukuru (kubicuruzwa bisanzwe bisabwa), kandi PPT igomba kuramburwa kugirango ibone ibikoresho byiza bya mashini. .Kubwibyo, ikoreshwa cyane mubipakira hamwe nibikoresho.
Ibibazo bisanzwe bigomba kugaragara mugihe cyo gutera plastike iboneye
Bitewe n’umucyo mwinshi wa plastike ibonerana, byanze bikunze ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa bya pulasitike bigomba kuba bikaze, kandi ntibigomba kubaho ibimenyetso, stomata, no kwera.Igicu Halo, ibibara byirabura, amabara, amabara mabi nizindi nenge, kuburyo mugihe cyose cyo gutera inshinge kubikoresho fatizo, ibikoresho.Ibishushanyo, ndetse nigishushanyo cyibicuruzwa, bigomba kwitonda cyane ugashyira imbere ibisabwa bikomeye cyangwa nibisabwa bidasanzwe.
Icya kabiri, kubera ko plastike ibonerana ifite aho ishonga cyane kandi ikaba idafite umuvuduko muke, kugirango harebwe ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa, akenshi birakenewe ko uhindura bike mubipimo byubushyuhe nkubushyuhe bwa barriel, umuvuduko watewe, hamwe n umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge, bityo ko plastiki ishobora kuzuzwa nibibumbano.Ntabwo itanga imihangayiko yimbere kandi itera ibicuruzwa guhinduka no guturika.
Kubikoresho nibisabwa, uburyo bwo guterwa inshinge no gutunganya ibikoresho bibisi, kugirango baganire kubibazo bigomba kwitonderwa:
Gutegura no kumisha ibikoresho fatizo bitewe nuko hari ibimenyetso byose byanduye muri plastiki bishobora kugira ingaruka kumucyo wibicuruzwa, bityo kubika no gutwara.
Mugihe cyo kugaburira, hagomba kwitonderwa kashe no kureba niba ibikoresho bibisi bifite isuku.By'umwihariko, ibikoresho bibisi birimo ubushuhe, butera ibikoresho fatizo kwangirika nyuma yo gushyuha.Kubwibyo, igomba gukama, kandi iyo ibumba, Hopper yumye igomba gukoreshwa.Ni ngombwa kandi kumenya ko mugihe cyo kumisha, ibyinjira byumwuka bigomba kuba byungururwa kandi bigahinduka umwanda kugirango bitazanduza ibikoresho bibisi.
Gusukura imiyoboro, imigozi n'ibikoresho
Mu rwego rwo gukumira kwanduza ibikoresho fatizo no kuba hari ibikoresho bishaje cyangwa umwanda muri screw hamwe nibikoresho byo kwiheba, ibisigarira bifite ubushyuhe buke bwumuriro birahari.Kubwibyo rero, ibikoresho byo koza imigozi bikoreshwa mugusukura ibice mbere yo kubikoresha na nyuma yo kuzimya, kugirango bitagomba kwizirika ku mwanda., Mugihe nta muti wogusukura, PE, PS nibindi bisigazwa birashobora gukoreshwa mugusukura umugozi.
Iyo guhagarika by'agateganyo, mu rwego rwo gukumira ibikoresho fatizo kuguma ku bushyuhe bwo hejuru igihe kirekire kandi bigatera kugabanuka, ubushyuhe bwumye na barriel bugomba kugabanuka, nkubushyuhe bwa PC, PMMA nandi miyoboro. bigomba kugabanuka munsi ya 160 ° C.(Ubushyuhe bwa Hopper bugomba kuba munsi ya 100 ° C kuri PC)
Ibibazo muburyo bwo gupfa (harimo gushushanya ibicuruzwa).
Kugirango wirinde kugaragara inyuma yinyuma, cyangwa gukonjesha kutaringaniye bigatuma plastike idakora neza, bikaviramo ubusembwa bwubutaka no kwangirika.
Mubisanzwe mubishushanyo mbonera, ugomba kwitondera ingingo zikurikira:
Ubunini bwurukuta bugomba kuba bumwe bushoboka, ahantu hahanamye hagomba kuba nini bihagije;
Ibice byinzibacyuho bigomba kuba buhoro buhoro.Inzibacyuho yoroshye kugirango wirinde inguni zikarishye.Igisekuru gikarishye, cyane cyane ibicuruzwa bya PC ntibigomba kugira icyuho;
Irembo.Umuyoboro ugomba kuba mugari kandi mugufi bishoboka, kandi irembo rigomba gushyirwaho ukurikije inzira yo kugabanuka.Iyo bibaye ngombwa, iriba rikwiye kongerwamo;
Ubuso bwububiko bugomba kuba bworoshye kandi butagaragara (nibyiza munsi ya 0.8);
Umunaniro.Ikigega kigomba kuba gihagije cyo gusohora umwuka na gaze mu gihe gikwiye;
Usibye PET, uburebure bwurukuta ntibugomba kuba buke cyane, mubisanzwe ntiburi munsi ya lmm;
Ibibazo ugomba kwitondera mugikorwa cyo gutera inshinge (harimo ibisabwa kumashini ibumba inshinge).
Kugirango ugabanye imihangayiko yimbere nubusembwa bwubuso, hagomba kwitonderwa ibintu bikurikira murwego rwo gutera inshinge:
Imashini ibumba inshinge hamwe na screw idasanzwe hamwe no kugenzura ubushyuhe butandukanye nozzle igomba guhitamo;
Ubushyuhe bwo gutera inshinge bugomba kuba hejuru hashingiwe ko ibisigazwa bya plastiki bitangirika;
Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge: Mubisanzwe hejuru, kugirango utsinde inenge yubukonje bunini bwashonga, ariko umuvuduko mwinshi cyane bizabyara imihangayiko yimbere bivamo ingorane zo gucika intege no guhindura ibintu;
Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge: Mugihe cyo guhaza uburyo bwo kuzuza, muri rusange hasi, nibyiza gutinda-byihuse-buhoro buhoro inshinge nyinshi;
Umuvuduko ufata umwanya nigihe cyo gushiraho: Mugihe cyo guhaza ibicuruzwa byuzuye, nta depression cyangwa ibibyimba bitangwa;Bikwiye kuba bigufi bishoboka kugirango ugabanye igihe cyakoreshejwe kuri fuse;
Umuvuduko wihuta hamwe nigitutu cyinyuma: hashingiwe ku guhaza ubuziranenge bwa plastiki, bigomba kuba bike bishoboka kugirango wirinde ko habaho decompression;
Gupfa ubushyuhe: Gukonjesha ibicuruzwa nibyiza cyangwa bibi, kandi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumiterere.Kubwibyo, ubushyuhe bwo gupfa bugomba kuba bushobora kugenzura neza inzira.Niba bishoboka, ubushyuhe bwububiko bugomba kuba hejuru.
Ibindi
Kugirango wirinde kwangirika kwubuso bwo hejuru, gukoresha ibikoresho bya demoulding ni bike bishoboka mugihe bibumba;Iyo ukoresheje ibikoresho byinyuma ntibigomba kurenza 20.
Kubindi bicuruzwa bitari PET, gusubiramo bigomba gukorwa kugirango bikureho ibibazo byimbere, PMMA igomba kuba yumye kuri 70-80 ° C mumasaha 4;PC igomba kuba mu kirere cyiza, glycerine.Amazi ya paraffine ashyushye kuri 110-135 ° C, bitewe nibicuruzwa, kandi bifata amasaha agera kuri 10.PET igomba kunyura munzira ebyiri zo kurambura kugirango ubone imikorere myiza yubukanishi.
III.Gutera inshinge inzira ya plastike iboneye
Ibikorwa biranga plastike iboneye
Usibye ibibazo byavuzwe haruguru, plastike ibonerana nayo ifite ibintu bimwe na bimwe biranga inzira, byasobanuwe hepfo:
1. Ibiranga inzira ya PMMA
PMMA ifite ububobere bunini kandi buke buke.Kubwibyo, igomba guterwa nubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwibikoresho hamwe nigitutu kinini.Ingaruka yubushyuhe bwo gutera inshinge iruta iy'umuvuduko w'inshinge, ariko umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge uriyongera, ibyo bikaba bifasha kuzamura igipimo cyo kugabanuka kw'ibicuruzwa.
Ubushyuhe bwo gutera inshinge ni bugari, ubushyuhe bwo gushonga ni 160 ° C, naho ubushyuhe bwangirika ni 270 ° C.Kubwibyo, ibipimo byubushyuhe bugaragara ni binini kandi inzira ni nziza.Kubwibyo, kuzamura umuvuduko birashobora gutangirana nubushyuhe bwo gutera.Ingaruka ni mbi, kwambara birwanya ntabwo ari byiza, byoroshye gutema indabyo, byoroshye kumeneka, bityo rero bigomba kuzamura ubushyuhe bwububiko, kunoza inzira ya kondegene, kugirango tuneshe izo nenge.
2. Ibiranga PC
PC ifite ubukonje bunini, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru bwo gushonga, hamwe n'amazi mabi.Kubwibyo, igomba kubumbwa mubushyuhe bwo hejuru (hagati ya 270 na 320 ° C).Igipimo cyubushyuhe bwibikoresho ni gito kandi inzira ntabwo ari nziza nka PMMA.Umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge ntugira ingaruka nke kumazi, ariko kubera ubwinshi bwinshi, biracyakenewe gutera igitutu.Kugirango wirinde guhangayika imbere, igihe cyo gufata kigomba kuba kigufi gishoboka.
Igipimo cyo kugabanuka ni kinini kandi ingano irahagaze, ariko imihangayiko yimbere yibicuruzwa nini kandi byoroshye gucika.Niyo mpamvu, birasabwa kunoza amazi mu kongera ubushyuhe aho kuba umuvuduko, no kugabanya amahirwe yo guturika wongera ubushyuhe bwububiko, kunoza imiterere yububiko na nyuma yubuvuzi.Iyo umuvuduko wo gutera inshinge ari muke, kwibiza bikunda guhungabana nizindi nenge.Ubushyuhe bwo mu kanwa bugomba kugenzurwa ukundi, ubushyuhe bwibumba bugomba kuba hejuru, kandi umuyoboro utemba hamwe n’urwango rugomba kuba nto.
3. PET ibiranga inzira
Ubushyuhe bwa PET buri hejuru, kandi igipimo cyo kugenzura ubushyuhe bwibintu ni gito (260-300 ° C), ariko nyuma yo gushonga, amazi ni meza, kuburyo inzira iba mibi, kandi ibikoresho birwanya imyanda akenshi byongerwa kuri nozzle .Imbaraga za mashini nibikorwa nyuma yo guterwa ntabwo biri hejuru, bigomba kuba binyuze munzira ihindagurika no guhindura kugirango tunoze imikorere.
Gupfa ubushyuhe ni ukuri, ni ukurinda kurwara.Kubwibyo, birasabwa gukoresha umuyoboro ushyushye upfa.Ubushyuhe bwububiko bugomba kuba hejuru, bitabaye ibyo bizatera itandukaniro ryubuso butandukanye hamwe ningorabahizi yo kumanuka.
Inenge nibisubizo kubice bya plastike bisobanutse
Birashoboka ko hari inenge zikurikira:
Imirongo ya feza
Bitewe ningaruka za Anisotropy yimyitwarire yimbere mugihe cyo kuzura no kwegeranya, imihangayiko ituruka mubyerekezo bihagaritse itera ibisigazwa gutembera mubyerekezo, mugihe icyerekezo kitari gitemba gitanga indangagaciro zitandukanye kandi zigatanga imirongo ya silike.Iyo yagutse, Gicurasi ishobora gutera ibicuruzwa.Usibye uburyo bwo gutera inshinge no kubitaho, ibicuruzwa byiza byo kuvura annealing.Niba ibikoresho bya PC bishobora gushyuha hejuru ya 160 ° C muminota 3-5, birashobora gukonjeshwa bisanzwe.
Bubble
Gazi y'amazi hamwe nizindi myuka iri mubisigara ntishobora gusohoka, (mugihe cyo gupfa gupfa) cyangwa kubera kuzura bidahagije, ubuso bwa kondegene birihuta cyane kandi byegeranye kugirango bibe icyuho cyinshi.
Ubuso bubi
Impamvu nyamukuru ni uko ububobere bubi ari bunini, naho kurundi ruhande, kondegene iracyari kare kugirango ibisigarira bidashobora kwigana ubuso.Ibi byose bituma ubuso bwububiko butaringaniye gato kandi bigatuma ibicuruzwa bitakaza urumuri.
Uburyo bwo guhungabana
Yerekeza ku mpagarara zuzuye ziva mu irembo ritaziguye.Impamvu nuko kubera ubukonje bukabije bwashonga, ibikoresho byimbere byegereye mu cyuho, hanyuma ibikoresho byacitse muri ubu buso, bituma ubuso bugaragara.
Igicu cyera Halo
Biterwa ahanini n ivumbi rigwa mubintu bibisi mukirere cyangwa ibirimo ibikoresho binini ni binini cyane.
Umwotsi wera
Ahanini bitewe na plastiki iri muri barriel, kubera ubushyuhe bwaho buterwa no kubora cyangwa kwangirika kwingunguru ya barriel hanyuma bigashingwa
Igihe cyo kohereza: Werurwe-23-2020